Metro Weekly

Idaho Passes Strictest Trans Bathroom Ban in the Nation

People who use restrooms that do not align with their sex assigned at birth could face jail time, with repeat offenses carrying felony penalties.

Idaho State Capitol - Photo: JSquish/Wikimedia Commons
Idaho State Capitol – Photo: JSquish/Wikimedia Commons

Idaho Gov. Brad Little recently signed a bill into law adopting what may be the strictest bathroom ban in the nation, under which anyone who enters a bathroom that does not align with their sex assigned at birth can face prison time.

Idaho already bars transgender students in public schools and universities from using bathrooms that do not align with their sex assigned at birth, and has a separate law requiring multi-occupancy restrooms in colleges, universities, correctional facilities, and domestic violence shelters to be restricted based on a person’s assigned sex at birth. But this new bill goes even further.

Under the new law, which takes effect July 1, a person can be imprisoned for using a bathroom that does not align with their birth sex in a “place of public accommodation,” meaning any establishment that serves the public, including privately owned businesses.

Those accused of violating it can be charged with a misdemeanor and, if found guilty, face up to a year in jail for a first offense. A second offense carries a felony charge, with a sentence of up to five years in prison.

But as Erin Reed has reported on her Erin in the Morning Substack, a fourth violation — constituting a third felony conviction — could be punished under Idaho’s “persistent violator” statute with a mandatory minimum of five years and a maximum sentence of life in prison.

The law also allows prior convictions under other states’ anti-transgender bathroom laws to count as violations in Idaho, meaning a person with an out-of-state violation could face stiffer penalties for a first offense.

As Reed has also noted, prison sentences are likely to subject transgender people to additional brutality and humiliation in custody, including denial of gender-affirming care and, for transgender women, placement in male correctional facilities where they face a higher risk of physical or sexual assault.

As Boise NBC affiliate KTVB reports, the penalty for using the “wrong” restroom is stricter than Idaho’s penalty for indecent exposure, including acts like public urination. It is also stricter than punishments for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs.

The legislation includes nine exceptions, including for janitorial work, emergencies, assisting children, or when someone has a “dire need” to use a restroom.

Supporters of the law, including its lead sponsor, Sen. Ben Toews (R-Coeur d’Alene), argue the penalties are needed to protect women and children from sexual predators who might exploit a lack of sex-based bathroom restrictions.

“All of what we’re trying to solve here is not targeting any one group or person, it’s dealing with sexual predators and very real issues,” he said. “There’s no law currently on our books that prohibits a biological man from entering a shower room with undressed women and children present.”

Law enforcement groups, including the Idaho Fraternal Order of Police and the Idaho Chiefs of Police Association, opposed the bill, largely on the grounds that it would require officers to determine — without any guidance or clear standards — a person’s biological sex or whether they had a “dire need” to justify being in an opposite-sex restroom.

Both groups had urged lawmakers to include a “duty to depart” provision, which would have required someone to be asked to leave a facility before being arrested — with any refusal establishing criminal intent. But lawmakers omitted the provision, meaning anyone accused of entering an opposite-sex bathroom can be immediately arrested and charged.

The bathroom ban passed on largely party-line votes in the Republican-dominated House and Senate, with only a handful of GOP House lawmakers and a lone Republican state senator voting against it.

That Senate Republican, Sen. Jim Guthrie (R-McCammon), said the law has significant flaws. For instance, he said, a transgender man with facial hair and masculine features would effectively be unable to use any bathroom besides a single-stall or unisex facility.

“If they go in the bathroom of their biological sex, they’re going to upset a lot of people and freak people out,” Guthrie said of trans men. “If they go in the bathroom that is consistent with their looks — they are knowingly and willingly going into the bathroom — that is breaking the law. They’re human beings just like us, and what are they supposed to do?”

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